hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the veins of rectal hemorrhoids. Inflammation of hemorrhoid lymph nodes is characterized by changes in thrombosis and pathological dilation of hemorrhoid veins, forming lymph nodes around the rectum.

According to statistics, about 25% of people suffer from hemorrhoids, which will intensify from time to time. At least 70% of people occasionally experience various hemorrhoid symptoms, such as discomfort in the anal area, itching and pain during bowel movements.

Hemorrhoids in women often occur during pregnancy and delivery. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated with a very gentle method, as pregnant women are not advised to take some hemorrhoid drugs, which are usually taken in the usual order. Hemorrhoids in men are also quite frequent phenomena caused by many other causes and factors that will be discussed further.

What are the causes of hemorrhoids?

It is generally believed that hemorrhoids develop due to increased blood flow or insufficient outflow, resulting in a stagnant process. The causes and factors for the development of hemorrhoids are:

• Genetic tendency. This is the main factor in the occurrence of hemorrhoids, and it must be said first. Although hemorrhoids are not inherited, the susceptibility of the disease can be determined by genetic factors. The inheritance of certain gene groups results in congenital weakness or vascular dysfunction in the rectum. This is due to increased flow of the spongy vein and insufficient blood outflow, which leads to pathological dilation of the latter. Long-term spongy vein dilation can cause thinning of blood vessel walls, which helps hemorrhoids bleeding.
• Long-term standing work and weightlifting. In addition to a sedentary lifestyle, physical overload also helps the development of hemorrhoids. First, this applies to people who are forced to stay for a long time. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Swiss, guards, hairdressers, etc. High lift is another reason for hemorrhoid development and loss.
• A sedentary lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor, mainly related to office staff, drivers and staff, living a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle helps the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First, this is to increase the pressure on the rectal blood vessels in the sitting position. During a long period of time, the anal area is slightly heated, resulting in stagnation and bloating of blood vessels. Furthermore, lack of physical strength is the real path to venous insufficiency. This includes the vein, a vein located in the rectum.
• Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People with chronic constipation tend to develop hemorrhoids. Why does this happen? The truth is that as constipation changes, the feces become hard and put pressure on the lower intestine. This leads to worsening of spongy blood supply and hemorrhoids. Another factor in constipation is the habit of being strongly pushed during bowel movements, which can put additional stress on blood vessels in the rectum.

As well as constipation, it also helps the development of hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea), which leads to irritation and inflammation of the rectal mucosa.

• Pregnant. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and delivery are a common phenomenon because the fetal bearings can put pressure on the venous blood vessels in the rectum. Tense attempts during childbirth will only aggravate the progression of hemorrhoids and help form new hemorrhoid lymph nodes.
• Improper nutrition, abuse of spicy food and alcohol. An important factor in the occurrence of hemorrhoids is malnutrition. In particular, the abuse of spicy food can cause irritation of the intestinal mucosa and stimulate enhanced blood flow to the rectum. Inadequate use of fiber (plant food) can aggravate intestinal motility. The provocative factor in the development of hemorrhoids is alcohol, which enlarges blood vessels. The reception of alcoholic beverages, even in small quantities, can cause the aggravation of chronic hemorrhoids.

The main factors that contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

1. obesity.
2. Genetic tendency.
3. A sedentary lifestyle (hypoemia) or work related to low exercise activities.
4. Activities related to excessive muscle tone (high physical exercise).
5. pressure.
6. Violation of rectal blood flow.
7. Frequent constipation.
8. Inflammation and tumor processes in the intestine and liver.
9. Infect.
10. Smoking.

Internal and external

In the presence of hemorrhoid lymph nodes, the disease is divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external.

In association with external hemorrhoids, lymph nodes form near the anus, and their sensitive surfaces usually break through and bleeding bright scarlet blood. External hemorrhoids have very sharp and intense pain, but this species does not represent any difficulty in terms of independent diagnosis.

Although the internal types of hemorrhoids pose a more serious threat to health, they are usually distinguished by a complete lack of pain (especially in the initial stages of the disease). This fact is explained by the fact that hemorrhoid lymph nodes are deep inside, their surfaces are the same as the nonsteroid mucosa of the rectum, and it can generate it.

degree

Usually distinguish between 3 degrees internal hemorrhoids:

• Level 1. Hemorrhoids are located in the anal canal and may not be felt (even if rectal studies are performed). Anal and bleeding inflammation complain about "twitching after defecation" pain.
• Level 2. As soon as the distortion and independence disappears, the node extends out from the anus. In principle, the same disease as first-grade hemorrhoids is observed here, however, small ruptures of the mucosa often occur and inflammation in the anus is stronger.
• Level 3. It is characterized by loss of SO in hemorrhoid lymph nodes, which cannot be recovered independently. The symptoms may be the same as 2-hour, but fecal phenomena and gas phenomena are usually added. When checked through hemorrhoids, differentiate it from the anal drop along the radiation groove, blue marking and nodule surface.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs of hemorrhoids at all stages of disease development:

• Anal discomfort;
• Pain during bowel movements (insignificant at first, then intense);
• Anal bleeding;
• The formation and growth of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are a chronic pathology that has developed over the years. The speed of disease development depends on many factors, including nutrition, lifestyle.

For the early stageThe disease is characterized by a slight increase in the anal veins. Usually, such signs are still not noticed. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by the bleeding of rectal bleeding that occurs immediately after the bowel movement. It's easy to see blood on toilet paper. It is worth remembering that similar symptoms are characteristic of malignant intestinal tumors, so you should consult an expert when it occurs. Seeking doctors in a timely manner and appointing treatment will easily slow down the development of hemorrhoids.

In the second stageThe patient's disease development will periodically itch in the anus. Usually, he has a feeling about foreign objects in his anus. Hemorrhoids start to fall during bowel movements and are still easily adjusted inward.

For the third stageThe characteristics of hemorrhoids are an increase in existing characteristics. Large venous nodes in the anus make it difficult to clear the intestine tract and empty it, which is the cause of constipation, and the bowel movement itself is accompanied by pain and bleeding. Strong bleeding from hemorrhoids is dangerous and over time it can lead to the development of anemia.

In the final stageThe disease is characterized by an increase in the size of hemorrhoids. They can't straighten with their hands. The presence of middle and higher veins in the anus can cause severe discomfort, which hurts the patient and goes to the bathroom. He was worried about heavy bleeding during each bowel movement. The fourth stage of hemorrhoid development may be complicated by unpleasant and dangerous phenomena caused by venous thrombosis at the end of the rectum.

Hemorrhoids in pregnant women

Hemorrhoids often occur during the last three months of pregnancy and delivery. The cause of hemorrhoids is the puncture of the uterus that pierces the intestinal veins, which leads to a decrease in blood flow from the intestine and vagina. Vienna's diameter increases and changes shape. Periodic constipation in pregnant women can also cause their appearance.

However, in most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids pass through the postpartum period, so it is believed that these causes may be hormonal changes. After the first symptom is detected, it must be treated immediately. It is important to deal with constipation, for example, taking medications to relieve feces (forlax, laminaride, methyl-dimensional disease), and observing hygiene rules (washing the anus after defecation). Hemorrhoids (aurobin, relief, etc. ) are mainly used externally in the form of ointments and candles. Surgical intervention is performed only in severe cases.

Hemorrhoids should be prevented from the first few days of pregnancy - develop a diet that can prevent constipation, do not wear tight belts, spend more time in fresh air, and walk on foot.

What dangers?

Performing the disease without proper treatment can lead to many very unpleasant complications.

Complications of hemorrhoids:

1. Anemia (long-term bleeding of the disease, heavy bleeding).
2. The inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues until the development of abdominal inflammation (fibrous inflammation around the rectum). Attachmental inflammation is considered a very serious complication that requires serious treatment.
3. Cracks in the anus. The most common cause of severe pain in hemorrhoids. Fractures bring good conditions for the development and infiltration of various infections. This fact can lead to powerful complications as an abscess (limited purulent inflammation with general discomfort, temperature and severe pain). This complication requires mandatory surgical intervention.
4. Itching. A very unpleasant complication is not only a strong negative psychological moment, but also a disruption of the patient's psychological and emotional state. Continuous mechanical stimulation in the anal area can significantly aggravate the disease process. Additionally, persistent damage to the tissue increases the risk of developing various tumor processes.
5. Deficiencies of the anal sphincter, urinary incontinence of gas and feces (usually in the elderly).

Therefore, hemorrhoids need early diagnosis and immediate measures to address this problem.

What does hemorrhoids look like: Photos

diagnosis

Usually, diagnosis is not related to special difficulties, and diagnosis occurs as part of patient investigation and preliminary outpatient examination. Checking helps determine:

• The degree of loss of the anus of the node,
• Assess their chances of looking back,
• Skin condition,
• and the correlation and extent of bleeding.

The symptoms of hemorrhoids are similar to some other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be taken as there is a risk of incorrect treatment stipulated. Hemorrhoids can be associated with:

• Anal fissures are also accompanied by mild bleeding and pain during bowel movements;
• Rectal cancer (malignant intestinal tumor bleeding);
• rectal loss;
• Colitis, polyps and cond tumors.

If you notice your first sign, please do not see your doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis will aid in treatment and help avoid complications, and also contribute to surgical intervention.

How to treat hemorrhoids?

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids:

1. Make sure to normalize the intestinal stem. The chair should be regular and soft. In order to normalize feces with hemorrhoids, it is recommended to use foods with dietary fiber content (including wheat bran), but their quantity should be gradually increased within 2-3 weeks. (5-10 g to 20 g per day), which does not include the occurrence of discomfort.
2. With constipation, you can recommend up to 30-40 ml of lactulose per day to achieve daily soft chairs and other ways, follow dietary and constipation advice.

This treatment uses topical medications: rectal candles from hemorrhoids and ointments.

• Candles containing small doses of anesthetics (e. g. , Beladonna, etc. ) help due to pain. You can prescribe candles, sodium alginate, fish proteases according to the symptoms and stages of the disease.
• If there is no bleeding, you can prescribe a suppository or ointment for goiter, etc. However, in each case, all medications are prescribed, so only proprietorologists can prescribe the correct treatment after examining the patient.
• In pain, in addition to candles, cold lotion can be used, but not more than 30 seconds.
• To improve the efficiency of topical drugs, it is necessary to take oral products that improve venous vascular tone and prevent thrombosis: diamino amino amino protein.
• Hemorrhoid lymph nodes (prolapse) are the basis for their clothes. When thrombosis of hemorrhoid veins develops, hydrochloric acid and lidocaine (1% solution) are used topically and further bandages may occur.
• By recurrence, despite treatment, hemorrhoid resection is recommended.

Drug treatments are completely symptomatic - that is, hemorrhoids cannot fundamentally cure hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily deal with unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. Surgical treatment can be avoided if the patient after medication will follow medical advice to prevent recurrence.

However, all suggestions are not always followed.

Small invasive method

Minimally invasive treatment allows you to quickly and without serious injuries to eliminate subtle problems such as hemorrhoids. In most cases, treatments will only eliminate symptoms of the disease and delay the necessary moment of using more radical methods. Prior to appointing a specific procedure, the doctor studies the patient's medical history, conducts a comprehensive examination, and evaluates all possible risks.

• Sclerotherapy- This is a low-trauma treatment with a special hardening substance that is inserted into the nodes, bonding its walls so that its nutrition and death can be stopped in the future. The technology is only carried out in 1-3 stages. It does not rule out the risk of recurrence of the disease and is only effective for small hemorrhoids.
• ElectrocondensationIt is performed under the control of the isolator. The electrodes are brought to the knotted legs, the fabric is condensed (welded), and after which they die quickly. In one process, 1-2 pathological focus can be removed. After gluing, the hemorrhoid nodes stop eating and growing, and after a while they completely disappear.
• Connect with a latex ring- One of the most modern invasive treatments for internal hemorrhoids in stage 1-3. Latex ligation is applied through a partition on the node legs, which causes squeezing of tissue and violating blood circulation therein. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoid node dies and removes it with a latex ring.
• Cryotherapy- Short-term effects on liquid nitrogen hemorrhoids. After that, the hemorrhoid node dies and disappears. The process occurs under local anesthesia, so there is no feeling of pain.

Small invasive procedures are taboo:

• The process of rectal and anal inflammation is exacerbated;
• Anal fissure, injury;
• Thrombosis of hemorrhoids.

Small invasive methods to fight hemorrhoids can only be used in stages 1-3 of the disease, which will inevitably intensify the inflammatory process. All procedures were performed after local anesthesia. No general anesthesia is required. In a session, only sections 1-3 can be deleted. Sometimes, treatment is performed at several stages starting at intervals within a few weeks.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment method in the third and fourth stages.

The proposed hemorrhoid removal operation in the 1930s is still being applied and continues to be modified. Worldwide, there are two main types of operations:

1. Closed hemorrhoids. Suitable for stages III and IV of the disease.
2. Open hemorrhoids. It is also in the third stage and in the IV stage, but is complicated by anal cracks or paraencephalic inflammation.

Also in 1993, a new treatment for hemorrhoids was proposed, which was done by Italian doctor A. Longgo, which included the use of special equipment to circularly remove mucus and outlet layers of the rectum.

The patient was discharged from the hospital 3-4 days after the operation and recovered from disability within 5-7 days. A small percentage of postoperative complications were also noted.

Motivation and diet after surgery

In most cases, patients after hemorrhoid surgery may start drinking alcohol and eat several hours after the surgery.

But observe the dietary table (according to Pevzer 1a) to exclude products and dishes that stimulate stomach secretion and stimulate its mucosa. Food must be cooked in a wipe form, steamed or boiled on water, and it is necessary to take liquid and rotten. Excludes: hot and cold bread and flour products, raw vegetables and fruits, cheese, dairy products, sour cream, cheese, spice cheese, spices, seasonings, coffee, tea.

Eat small portions 6 times a day. The recovery of normal intestinal surgery usually occurs the day after surgery, so the usual diet can be performed. But of course, all sharp and spicy dishes should be excluded, and alcohol should be forgotten. By following these recommendations, you can reduce recovery time after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.

Family therapy

There are some measures you can independently implement to help relieve symptoms of hemorrhoids in your home. But, it is worth remembering that they won't help get rid of this disease:

• A warm bathtub helps. You can take a shower or sit in a basin. It is necessary to place the anal area in warm water for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day.
• Thorough hygiene of the anal area. It is necessary to take a shower or shower every day and thoroughly clean the anal area.
• Do not use soap in the anus and other means that may cause irritation. Avoid using flavored wet wipes including alcohol.
• Do not use regular toilet paper. It is best to use wet wipes, but without alcohol.
• Use cold. To remove edema from the anus, you can use hot and cold pads, ice packs, wet fabrics in cold water.

In addition, the hemorrhoid diet pursues two goals: preventing rectal constipation and irritation. Main suggestions:

• Drink enough liquid. This will help to make the chair softer, thereby promoting its access to the intestine.
• Your diet should include more vegetables, fruits, and grains. They contain vegetable fiber, which helps prevent constipation.
• Alcohol, coffee, and strong tea should be avoided.
• Limit sharp dishes, spices.
• It is best to eat 4-5 times a day and use a small amount of food to make food.
• Have dinner at about the same time.
• Physical activities also help normalize the work of the intestines.

gymnastics

Gymnastics exercises are designed to prevent constipation and strengthen the anal sphincter. For example, improving blood flow and strengthening the muscle layer of the press, you can normalize the work of your intestines, thus preventing constipation:

• The "scissors" exercise is lying on the back by lifting the legs, which need to be diluted and alternately crossed.
• "Bike" is a pretty famous exercise that reminds you of cycling, but lying on your back.
• You can then lie on the floor (at the back), straighten your legs and, if possible, lift one or the other, reaching the correct angle at the hip joint. Or bend your legs in your knees and spread to the sides while trying to tear off the basin as much as possible from the floor.

So one arranges a person who feels his "fifth point" in any position and is able to lead it, so strengthening the anal gymnastics does not require any equipment and can perform any equipment anywhere, and it is unlikely that the people around him will notice it.

Therefore, exercise to strengthen the sphincter:

1. Stand up and cross your legs to relax and tension the rhythm of your hip muscles;
2. Choose the hardest chair, sit forward a little (you can do it easily on a desktop), try reducing and relaxing the sphincter, and try to push the anus into the rectum. You should spend 20 minutes practicing and always find it if you need it.

prevention

The best tool to oppose hemorrhoids is prevention. There are factors that induce disease development:

• Irregular chairs, a tendency to constipation or diarrhea, habit of strangulation during bowel movements or sitting in the toilet for a long time with a book;
• Hard physical labor, on the contrary, lack of exercise, stay in the sitting position for a long time;
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• alcoholism.

This means that correcting lifestyle will help alleviate the disease’s progression.

1. It is recommended to rethink your diet: give up simple carbs (pastry, candy) instead of complex ones (vegetables, fruits, vegetables, vegetables, cereal bread), instead of tea and coffee, drink water, it will help normalize the chair.
2. Avoid alcohol, including beer.
3. With hemorrhoids, we don’t need horse riding, heavy track and field, or cycling, but walking or swimming is essential.
4. It is very useful to perform gymnastics in Kegel, strengthening abdominal pressure and muscles in the hips.
5. Sitting in the toilet for a long time is a bad habit. However, instead, it is very useful to use after accessing the toilet's seat tub or rising shower.

If all preventive measures cannot be avoided, there is no need to panic. It is recommended to change the sitting position to lie, apply cool compression in sore places, moisten in a weak potassium permanganate solution or bath with chamomile (not hot! ) and don't forget about diet and personal hygiene.