In our culture, the body and its functions are topics that are not used to discussion in a decent society.Therefore, diseases that affect these parts of the body will not only cause physical pain, but also cause psychological pain.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - is not as rare as we want it to be.At least 10-15% of the entire adult population of the planet is bound by it.In most cases, people aged 30 to 50 suffer from hemorrhoids, and men are four times more frequent than women.Alas, far from all patients, feel the signs of the disease that has begun, and see a doctor.False shame prevents many people who prefer to teach themselves, which only worsens their position.But, like other diseases, hemorrhoids are most easily treated in the early stages.
What are hemorrhoids and their causes
The last part of the digestive tract is the last part of the colon, called the rectum.It starts at the level of the third vertebrae and ends with anal.Its blood supply is made by five arteries (one of which, unpaired, called hemorrhoids), and blood outflow is performed by wide-cell venous veins located in the submucosal layer of the rectal mucosa.In the lower part of the rectum or the lower part of the hemorrhoid area, the mucosa is spongy or spongy, pierced by the network of the smallest veins.Usually, the walls of these containers should support connective tissue, but if it is weakened, the blood flow increases and the outflow is disturbed, and the walls of the container then expand, the spongy body is filled with blood and protrudes, and fills the entire cavity, sometimes even through the anus.Hemorrhoids are the same blood swelling and prominent spongy bodies.Sometimes the appearance of hemorrhoids can lead to mechanical causes, and under the influence of certain factors, the muscle fibers of the longitudinal muscle of the rectal longitudinal muscle are stretched and loosened, which can lead to the hemorrhoid lymph nodes towards the anus and its loss.The number of lymph nodes in the patient varies greatly - from one to several, the entire anal area can be filled.They also vary greatly in size - from 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the exact cause of hemorrhoids occur and develop has not been determined, it is generally believed that the following factors contribute to it:
- A sedentary lifestyle.People who are forced to sit or stand for a long time due to occupational reasons are particularly prone to hemorrhoids.When a person sits or stands for a long time, blood stagnates in the pelvic organs, which can disrupt blood flow in the veins.
- labor.However, physical activity is not omnipotent.People working in areas where long-term, continuous heavy physical labor can also suffer from hemorrhoids.
- Complications during bowel movements– Whether it is diarrhea or chronic constipation.Both of these conditions lead to increased abdominal pressure, which in turn leads to increased hemorrhoids and prolapse.
- Malnutrition.Increased drinking of alcohol and spicy foods can cause arteries to flow into the rectal cavernosum, thereby promoting its expansion.Foods with low fiber can cause constipation, and foods with high fat can cause diarrhea.
- Hypothermia or overheating in the pelvic area.Both of these conditions worsen blood circulation and cause blood stagnation in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, childbirth.In this state, women increase pressure on the abdominal area and blood flow through the veins may be disturbed.As a result, hemorrhoids may form.
- obesity.Especially for people whose fat is mainly deposited in the abdomen.
- Some sexual behaviorsIncluding anal sex.
- various diseases: liver disease (along with them, the blood flow is damaged, the pressure on the veins increases, which helps the development of hemorrhoids); diseases of the pelvic organs (bladder, prostate); tumors and/or inflammation in the pelvis, intestines.
- genetic causes: Functional deficiency of connective tissue, impairment of venous walls, cardiac pathology and neuroregulation of blood vessels.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids gradually become undetectable.A person will not encounter special inconvenience unless he feels discomfort, pain, and itchy anus from time to time after defecation.The soft fabric in the anal area will swell.Mucus can be released from the rectum, irritating the anus and causing a burning sensation.Sometimes, the patient has a feeling as if a foreign object is in the posterior hole.After defecation, long-term pain is frequent.These phenomena invade diet or disease in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby enhancing these phenomena.However, most people often bleed with droplets, stripes, or in rare cases, looking for a doctor after finding blood in feces, toilet paper, or underwear.
However, anal bleeding is not always associated with hemorrhoids (especially if the patient has been around for more than 40 years).Rectal bleeding can also occur in the following diseases:
- Anal fissure
- Rectal tumor diseases
- Rectal loss
- colitis, polyps, dyonoma
Patients should pay attention to whether the occurrence of bleeding is due to changes in intestinal behavior, the appearance of stools with different colors or consistency from usual.Use this symptom, consult your doctor who immediately disseminates it, which may occur in another part of the gastrointestinal tract.
How to manifest hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids occurExternalorInternal.In the case of external hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoid lymph nodes expand, formed by the lower venous plexus, and are directly located in the anus.Since inflammation is not inside the rectum, but outside, you can consider this area with your own eyes if needed.There is actually no such form of hemorrhoid bleeding, but the patient is very worried about pain in the rectal area.External nodes are often inflamed, hurt by rough flax, and are often reborn as oncology.This type of hemorrhoids are relatively few - no more than 10% of the total number of patients.
Internal hemorrhoids are located in the submucosal layer of the rectal mucosa; they can only be seen with the naked eye when the membrane of the cavernosum is deformed so that they can be looked out through the anus.The main symptoms of internal hemorrhoids are bloody stools (although the most common is scarlet arterial blood, and dark venous blood with clots may also appear), and pain during defecation.In the later stages of the disease, hemorrhoids fall out of the anus; initially they are pulled in by themselves, but later the patient must pull in manually.
There is also a mixed hemorrhoid, and the subcutaneous venous plexus of the rectal cavernosum and the anal area are deformed.
Hemorrhoids occurredSharp(When symptoms develop rapidly, the lymph nodes become inflamed, the inflammation spreads to adjacent tissues, and the patient feels pain; lymph node necrosis may also be caused by thrombosis)Chronic.The disease then lasts for a long time, months or even years, and becomes periodically worsened - bleeding occurs, lymph nodes fall off, squeezed and cause a lot of inconvenience.During the remission period, patients will hardly feel any discomfort as long as precautions are taken.
The stage of disease development
Most cases of hemorrhoids are diagnosed in the late stages—either because the patient did not notice the symptoms, attributed them to other causes, or delayed visiting a doctor due to false shame.Hemorrhoids are divided into four stages.
- Phase 1.These symptoms express impressive expressions, which are manifested only in special circumstances (e.g., after physical labor, long-term standing or sitting on the scene, food disorders, overheating or hypothermia, having intestinal disease, prolonged or sitting).Sometimes, patients will feel uncomfortable, burn and itch during bowel movements.After the examination, the doctor noticed the presence of blood stagnation and stretched the walls of the blood vessels.If hemorrhoids are tried to diagnose at this stage, treatment will be quick and without problems.
- Phase 2.The size of hemorrhoids increases, and their walls become thinner, forming small breaks on them, causing bleeding.In patients, a large amount of physical fatigue, complicated bowel movements or hypothermia can be observed, blood in the feces, blood on toilet paper or underwear, but the bleeding is small and will pass quickly.The hemorrhoids are slightly enlarged and may fall out of the anus after defecation, but I am back by myself.Their appearance is caused by increased peritoneal pressure, whether it is physical labor or a strong cough.At this stage, you can still resort to conservative treatment.
- Stage 3.The anal sphincter will undergo malnutrition changes and weaken, so you can only correct fallen hemorrhoid lymph nodes with your hands.The patient is worried about severe itching and bleeding is frequent and abundant.Conservative treatment is no longer possible.
- Stage 4.The nodes are very enlarged and cannot correct them.The muscles in the anal foramen are very weak and the tone of the sphincter is reduced.For the loss of the node, even the smallest sports activity is sufficient.The nodes themselves can take the form of sealing, and they become inflamed.Inflammation can also affect nearby fabrics.
Hemorrhoids complications
Fortunately, complications with hemorrhoids are not often found.Although most importantly, due to the patient's hemorrhoids and blood fear type, it does not stand out so much that it poses a danger to life.However, as the continuous bleeding prolongs, anemia is possible.
The flow of mucus in the anus can cause itching and can cause eczema.
As the disease progresses further, when the hemorrhoids have moved to the third or fourth stages, the patient will reduce a lot of inconvenience to the lymph nodes.Moreover, they can not only fall off after defecation, but also cough, sneeze, and get tired.
In rare cases, fallen hemorrhoid lymph nodes may be clamped by the muscles of the anal sphincter, which can cause severe pain.If the node is not adjusted, thrombosis may develop.This is the most difficult complication of hemorrhoids and requires immediate medical treatment.In this state, the hemorrhoid lymph nodes are swollen, tense, and the size of the hemorrhoids increase greatly, and suppurative infection in the patient's body is possible.The patient loses appetite, increases temperature and becomes ill.
Without treatment, any disease will get worse.Hemorrhoids are no exception - without treatment, it progresses, which can lead to irreversible changes in the rectal veins.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The reason for hemorrhoid development in pregnant women is to squeeze the veins of the cavernous body of the rectal rectal, which increases the size of the uterus, which can lead to damage to blood outflow, the formation of blood vessels and hemorrhoid lymph nodes.Similarly, the appearance of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can cause constipation when feces stretch the rectal wall and damage the sponge body.Often, in recent months of pregnancy, a woman is forced to live a sedentary lifestyle, which has not contributed to physical recovery.During labor, the muscles in the perineum are stretched and the cavernosoid of the rectum are stretched and injured.With severe stretching of the perineal muscles, weakening of the anal sphincter is possible, resulting in loss of lymph nodes.
Often, those who give birth to women confuse the symptoms of hemorrhoids with the consequences of childbirth and do not see a doctor immediately, thus allowing the disease to develop.
Which doctor is exposed to hemorrhoids?
If a person is concerned about unpleasant sensations, itching, and blood stains in the anal area, you should consult a professional or a collapsed doctor.
diagnosis
Usually, in order to diagnose hemorrhoids, the patient's body is subjected to sufficient visual examination.Meanwhile, the patient either has knee elbow position or occupies a gynecological chair.The doctor examined the patient's anus and paid special attention to the skin condition, the existence of hemorrhoid nodes, its value and location.
To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may perform other studies:
- rectum.Doctors examined the tissues of the anal canal, evaluated the mucosal status of the rectum and the surrounding organs and tissues, determined the location of the hemorrhoid lymph nodes, their value and pain, and whether they were bleeding.Indeed, it is impossible to set the exact size of the nodes - usually, usually, their size will be reduced.In this case, the patient can lie beside him, on his back, or on a quarter of his body, and the doctor wearing gloves with his index finger examines the rectum from the inside.After the finger is examined, the doctor can prescribe an isolator and a Spexter lens.
- cool down.With the axial examination, a special device is introduced into the posterior part, which allows the doctor to examine the rectal surface 10-15 cm.Using an isolator, doctors determined the effects of spongy objects, whether there are tumor-like processes and inflammatory diseases in the rectum.Isolators are also used for testing - biopsy and stroke.The procedure is painless and has no contraindications.The exception is the stage that aggravates inflammatory disease.The doctor then recommends removing the inflammation first and then performing a test.
Although haptics is a fairly simple process, it requires preliminary preparation.Therefore, nothing prevents a rectal examination, the patient should avoid eating the night before and perform two cleansing enemas - at the time of surgery and half a day before the next day - a few hours before it.The doctor may also ask the patient to take laxatives in the evening.
In addition, to rule out the risk of developing oncological pathology, doctors may provide patients with access to the followingDepartmental Mirror Inspection- Check the sigmoid colon and rectum.With this test, the doctor can check the inner surface of the rectum, even as far as 25 cm.If for some reason it is impossible to perform static-scopy (e.g., the patient has a rectal pathological disease), it is performed, rather thanColonoscopy- When the inner surface of the rectum is examined with an endoscopy.
Thanks to this approach, doctors can have a clear understanding of the disease, at what stage and how it develops.Along the way, you can identify other diseases that affect the function of nearby body systems.Hemorrhoids are usually accompanied by diseases of the anus and colon of the human body, which is caused by bleeding from hemorrhoids.Sometimes there is irritable bowel syndrome.
How to treat hemorrhoids
After diagnosis, the doctor decided to prescribe the treatment.But with all stages of hemorrhoids, from the first to the last, treatment is performed, allowing you to stop the symptoms of the disease - to relieve pain and stop bleeding.If hemorrhoids are in the first or second stage, you can cure it when you add it with SO.Conservative treatment - i.e., the use of medications that relieve pain and prevent complications can also help patients with postoperative recovery.The best results are given by combining external and internal use of drugs.
| group | scope | Application method | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory and analgesics | Removal of inflammation, reduce swelling, anesthesia | oral | |
| venotonization agent | Improve blood vessels, reduce veins, and prevent thrombosis | Oral, external | |
| Stop bleeding | Stop bleeding | Oral injection form | |
| ointment | Relieve spasms and inflammation, anesthesia | external | |
| Anticoagulants | Prevent hemorrhoid thrombosis | injection | |
| laxative | Normalize the chair | oral | |
| Enema | Normalize the chair | External | |
| Candle | Stimulate blood supply, analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs | External |
If no positive changes are observed after one or two weeks of observation, a second examination should be performed and the inspector will provide a different treatment.
If a hemorrhoid in the second or third stage and it is impossible to cure it with just the medicine, it is called SO.Small Invasive Methods - Unlike the operation method, patients are less traumatic, less expensive in the hospital, and faster recovery.This includes:
- infrared radiation.Using infrared coagulants, doctors act on hemorrhoid lymph nodes at high temperatures and burn blood vessels.This procedure does not require anesthesia (unless the patient has a higher individual sensitivity to the area and has a lower trauma. Coagulation can also be performed using laser rays.
- Sclerotherapy.Patients in hemorrhoid lymph nodes have introduced a special substance that bonds the blood vessel walls.Typically, by sclerotherapy, a substance is introduced into no more than two lymph nodes to prevent the patient from developing pain syndrome.The next session will be held within two weeks.
- Connection of hemorrhoids with latex rings (connection).This method is often used to treat hemorrhoids in elderly patients who treat complications of the disease.Meanwhile, a small ring made of latex is applied to the bottom of the node, which gradually squeezes the node, resulting in its necrosis and repulsion.At the same time, since the stump is blocked by the ring, it will not bleed.Then, healthy connective tissue is formed in its location.The process is hardly painful, has low trauma, and can quickly apply the ring with an anoscopy.
- Cryotherapy.In this treatment, the hemorrhoid lymph nodes are exposed to low temperatures, and after thawing, the wound heals over time and connective tissue forms at the nodes.The procedure was performed under local anesthesia.
All minimally invasive treatments are used only without aggravated hemorrhoids.If hemorrhoids enter the acute phase, it is necessary to reduce inflammation and reduce bleeding first.
Surgery treatment of hemorrhoids
In the fourth stage of hemorrhoids, surgical treatment is indicated.The operation (hemorrhoidotomy) is performed by: the main group of hemorrhoid lymph nodes is removed, the ligation fluid is applied to its floor, and the edges of the wound are sewn.Although it sounds horrible, the operation is very unpleasant, but very effective and has the least number of recurrences.However, after this, complications are possible: severe pain, bleeding, scarring, anal deformation, anal stenosis, suppuration of the wound, polymyositis.After the surgery, it is necessary to observe the regime set by the doctor - refuse in physical exercise and hot water baths.
Hemorrhoid treatment at home
There are many folk remedies for hemorrhoids, but not all of them work, and some can be harmful.It is recommended to use them only when approving the attending physician.
Kidney Highlands, the fruits of rose hips and raspberry leaves will help reduce inflammation and normalize vasodilation.You can also flush the area of the anus and hemorrhoidal lymph nodes, especially after bowel movements, with herbs with anti-inflammatory effects (calendula, St. John's wort, chamomile).Alternatively, you can take a warm bath for 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Hemorrhoids prevention
The easiest way to avoid the appearance or aggravate hemorrhoids, eat correctly, make the chair soft and without constipation.as follows:
- High fiber food- Fruits, vegetables, cereals cereals.This softens the chair and increases its bulk, which helps avoid increased pressure in the abdominal cavity.However, small portions should be introduced into your diet to avoid increased gas formation.It is recommended to avoid bright dishes, sauces and alcohol.
- Drink a lot of liquids.It is recommended to drink six to eight glasses of water or other fluids (alcohol is not included here) per day to make the chair softer and not injure the walls of the rectum.
- Adding medications containing dietary fiber to your diet.Most people do not receive enough fiber per day (25g-38g is recommended for men).Some nutritional supplements can improve the general condition of patients with developed hemorrhoids.However, don't forget that as the diet contains a lot of additives for dietary fiber, you should increase your daily consumption of water or other liquids (rather than alcohol) or you should increase your diet.Otherwise, they can cause constipation.
- Don't be tired during bowel movements.Excessive tension and breathing when trying to relieve the enormous pressure on the rectal vein.
- Visit the toilet in time.If someone eliminates the bowel movement for some reason, the chair can become dry and it will be more difficult to remove it from the body.However, you should not be involved in laxatives - by constant use, they can stimulate the anal area and even help the development of inflammatory processes in the rectum.
- exercise.Exercise or any other physical activity is recommended - This will improve the condition of the body's vascular system, improve blood flow and reduce pressure on the veins.Working while sitting or standing, it is recommended to take a break every few hours, walk, stretch and do some exercises.
- Avoid long-term fixation.Sitting or standing for too long can increase pressure on the veins in the rectal area.